Artist’s Commentary on Dark and Mysterious Materials.
Transiting an exoplanet survey satellite, disIt was launched in 2018 with the aim of determining the positions of smaller planets around stars adjacent to the Sun. TESS has so far identified 172 confirmed outposts and compiled a list of 4,703 candidates. Its sensitive camera captures twice the area of the Orion Galaxy from a larger perspective, and TESS compiles a TESS Input Table (TIC) for more than a billion objects. Follow-up studies of TIC’s objects, which are the result of stellar pulsations, supernova shocks, decaying planets, gravitational-force self-lensing binary stars, triple-star eclipse systems, disk caps, and more.
CfA Astronomer Karen Collins was a member of a large team that discovered the mysterious variable TIC 400799224. They searched the list using machine learning-based computational tools built from the observed behaviors of hundreds of thousands of known variables; For example, this method previously revealed decaying planets and dust-emitting bodies. The abnormal source TIC 400799224 was found by chance because its brightness decreased by approximately 25% in just four hours, and each can be interpreted as an eclipse with many sharp light differences.
Optical/infrared image of the sky around a TESS Input Catalog (TIC) DIC 400799224 object (where the cross-hair indicates the object’s location and field-of-view displayed in transverse lines). The astronomers concluded that the mysterious time changes in the light of this body are caused by the orbiting body releasing periodic clouds of dust covering the star. Credit: Powell et al., 2021
Astronomers have read TIC 400799224, some of which have been mapping the sky for longer than TESS has been working on. They discovered that the object may be a binary star system, and that one star pulsates with a time of 19.77 days, possibly from an accidental eruption of the dust clouds covering the star. But when the interval is strict, the star’s dust clouds are irregular in shapes, depths, and duration, and are detected less than a third of the time (at least from Earth).
The nature of the rotating object is puzzling because the amount of dust emitted is high; If it was produced by the decay of an asteroid-like object in our solar system, Ceres, it would disappear and only survive for eight thousand years. Importantly, during the six years this substance has been observed, the time interval is exactly the same and the dust emitting substances are apparently intact.
The team plans to identify its differences over decades, constantly monitor the body, and combine historical observations of the sky.
Note: “Mysterious Dust Emission Circuit TIC 400799224” by Brian B. Powell, Veselin B. Kostov, and Saul A. . Rodriguez, Nicholas M.; Low, Thomas Barkley, Robert Cogliano, Andrew Vanderberg, Greg Olmsink, Ethan Cruz, Joshua E. Schleider, Alan Vazquez-Chuto, Erin Cook, Thomas L. Jacobs, Marty H. Christiansen, Daryl M. LaCourse, Mark Omohondro, Hans M. Schwingler, Evan A. Terentiv and Alan R. Schmidt, Dec 8, 2021 Available here Astronomy Magazine.
DOI: 10.3847 / 1538-3881 / ac2c81
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