“Large-scale volcanic eruptions will have greater impacts as the climate continues to warm,” researchers from the University of Cambridge and the British Met Office (“Met Office”) said in a statement.
The study, which will be published in the journal Nature Communications, showed that plumes of ash and gas emitted from large volcanic eruptions will rise to higher levels in the atmosphere, and volcanic materials associated with these events will spread more quickly on Earth.
The combined effect of these two phenomena will prevent sunlight from reaching the Earth’s surface, which will “amplify the effects of the temporary cooling” that occurs after an eruption, with an increase of approximately 15%.
For example, the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and its plume of smoke, the second largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century, had an impact on the entire planet as it reduced global temperatures by 0.5°C in 1992.
On the other hand, in terms of small eruptions that occur annually, strong climate warming would reduce by 75% of the effects of temporary cooling.
The researchers said that the melting of the ice caps “will increase the frequency and size of volcanic eruptions in places such as Iceland.”
Researcher Anya Schmidt, co-author of the study, warned that “climate change is not a future phenomenon, it is a situation we are seeing already, as this week’s IPCC report clearly showed.”
The report, issued Monday by UN climate experts, noted that climate warming is occurring more rapidly than expected, and the humans responsible “undoubtedly” have no choice but to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions if they want to limit the damage.
The report also considered that the occurrence of at least one major volcanic eruption in the twenty-first century is “possible”, saying that it “will reduce temperatures for a period of one to three years, especially on Earth, and will change the maximum precipitation.”
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