Trump’s US$3.4t tax-and-spend bill faces resistance in divided House

Nevin Al Sukari - Sana'a - US Representative Madeline Dean (D-PA) holds a binder titled "Why would anyone vote for Trump's Terrible, Big Ugly Bill?" on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., July 2, 2025. — Reuters pic

WASHINGTON, July 3 — Republicans in the House of Representatives on Wednesday struggled to pass President Donald Trump’s massive tax-cut and spending bill as a handful of hardliners withheld their support over concerns about its cost. As lawmakers shuttled in and out of closed-door meetings, House Speaker Mike Johnson said he was trying to convince the holdouts to back Trump’s signature bill, telling reporters, “We’re planning on a vote today.”

With a narrow 220-212 majority, Johnson can afford no more than three defections from his ranks, and skeptics from the party’s right flank said they had more than enough votes to block the bill.

“He knows I’m a ‘no.’ He knows that I don’t believe there are the votes to pass this rule the way it is,” Republican Representative Andy Harris of Maryland, leader of the hardline Freedom Caucus, told reporters.

Trump, who is pressing lawmakers to get him the bill to sign into law by the July 4 Independence Day holiday, met with some of the dissenters at the White House. But with the outcome uncertain, Republican leaders delayed a procedural vote for hours as they worked to shore up support.

The Senate passed the legislation, which nonpartisan analysts say will add US$3.4 trillion to the nation’s US$36.2 trillion in debt over the next decade, by the narrowest possible margin on Tuesday after intense debate on the bill’s hefty price tag and US$900 million in cuts to the Medicaid healthcare program for low-income Americans.

Representative Lisa McClain, who chairs the House Republican Conference, told Reuters she expected her colleagues to work through procedural votes and bring the bill to a vote before the full House on Wednesday night.

“I think we’ll put it on the floor tonight. It may be 10 or 11 o’clock,” McClain said.

Democrats are united in opposition to the bill, saying that its tax breaks disproportionately benefit the wealthy while cutting services that lower- and middle-income Americans rely on. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated that almost 12 million people could lose health insurance as a result of the bill.

“This bill is catastrophic. It is not policy, it is punishment,” Democratic Representative Jim McGovern said in debate on the House floor.

Trump effect

Republicans in Congress have struggled to stay united in recent years, but they also have not defied Trump since he returned to the White House in January. Representative Chip Roy of Texas was leading three holdouts who have raised concerns about increasing the deficit and high levels of spending. Asked why he expects the bill to pass, Republican Representative Derrick Van Orden told reporters: “Because 77 million Americans voted for Donald Trump, not Chip Roy. That’s why.”

Any changes made by the House would require another Senate vote, which would make it all but impossible to meet the July 4 deadline.

The legislation contains most of Trump’s top domestic priorities, from tax cuts to immigration enforcement.

The bill would extend Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, cut health and food safety net programs, fund Trump’s immigration crackdown, and zero out many green-energy incentives. It also includes a US$5 trillion increase in the nation’s debt ceiling, which lawmakers must address in the coming months or risk a devastating default.

The Medicaid cuts have also raised concerns among some Republicans, prompting the Senate to set aside more money for rural hospitals. — Reuters