Remembering Jimmy Carter: Key milestones in the life of the former US president

Nevin Al Sukari - Sana'a - WASHINGTON, Dec 30 — Jimmy Carter’s 1977-1981 presidency included successes like the Camp David peace accords, but also enough controversy for US voters to see him as weak — and send him packing after only one term.

Carter’s legacy however was largely built on his post-presidency, the longest in US history.

Here are a few key moments in the life of Carter, who died yesterday at the age of 100.

Former US Presidents Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford point in different directions while calling on reporters wanting to ask questions at a press conference in Panama City, Panama, May 5, 1989. — Reuters pic

The Panama Canal

During his first year in office, Carter went back on a campaign promise and decided to hand back management of the Panama Canal — which had been in US military control since its construction at the start of the 20th century.

“Fairness, and not force, should lie at the heart of our dealings with the nations of the world,” he said at the signing of the canal treaties with Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos on September 7, 1977.

Carter was ridiculed for the move, which gave Panama control over the canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at the end of 1999.

History, however, has looked upon the deal as a deft bit of diplomacy.

Giving Panama a meatier role in the canal’s management in the run-up to the transfer allowed for stability, and broke with America’s image as an overbearing imperialist power in Latin America.

Reacting to Carter’s death yesterday, President Jose Mulino said the former US leader helped Panama achieve “full sovereignty of our country.”

Former US President Jimmy Carter attends an interview with Reuters in Cairo, Egypt, January 12, 2012. — Reuters pic

Morality in politics

Upon his arrival in the Oval Office, Carter looked to distance himself from the realpolitik practiced by his predecessors — a vestige of the Cold War — and placed human rights at the heart of his agenda.

“Our principal goal is to help shape a world which is more responsive to the desire of people everywhere for economic well-being, social justice, political self-determination and basic human rights,” he said in a 1978 speech at the US Naval Academy.

In concrete terms, Carter notably signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1977. It was eventually ratified by the United States in 1992 after being blocked for years by the Senate.

US President Jimmy Carter (centre) congratulates Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat (left) and Israeli Premier Menachem Begin (right) in three-way handshake on March 26, 1979 on the north lawn of the White House, Washington DC, after signing the historic US-sponsored peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. Carter, the 100-year-old former US president and Nobel peace laureate who rose from humble beginnings in rural Georgia to lead the nation from 1977 to 1981, has died, his nonprofit foundation said on December 29, 2024. — Consolidated News Pictures/AFP pic

Camp David Accords

In September 1978, Carter invited Israeli premier Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat to Camp David, the presidential retreat outside Washington.

After 13 days of secret negotiations under Carter’s mediation, two accords were signed that ultimately led to a peace treaty the following year.

The diplomatic triumph was cited when Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

‘Crisis of confidence’

In the summer of 1979, the economy rocked by inflation and his approval rating in free fall, Carter addressed the American people in a nationwide televised speech on July 15.

In that half-hour, he responded to his critics on his lack of leadership, instead laying the blame on a national “crisis of confidence.”

“The erosion of our confidence in the future is threatening to destroy the social and the political fabric of America,” he said.

The speech was poorly received and would come back to haunt him. Five cabinet members resigned that week.

Iran hostage crisis

The hostage crisis — more than 50 Americans were held for 444 days at the US embassy in Tehran from November 1979 to January 1981 — was the death knell for Carter’s presidency.

A failed military rescue mission in April 1980 all but extinguished his chances of reelection later that year.

Operation Eagle Claw was thwarted by sandstorms and mechanical problems — eventually, the mission was aborted. In the subsequent withdrawal, two American aircraft collided, killing eight servicemen.

In the following days, then secretary of state Cyrus Vance resigned, and the mission’s failure symbolised Carter’s inability to resolve the crisis.

The hostages were eventually freed on the same day that Republican Ronald Reagan took office, after thumping Carter at the polls in November 1980.

A woman holds flowers in front of The Carter Presidential Center’s sign, after the death of former US President Jimmy Carter at the age of 100, in Atlanta, Georgia December 29, 2024. — Reuters pic

The Carter Centre

Carter remained extremely active into his 90s despite his retirement from political life.

In 1982, he founded the Carter Centre, which has focused on conflict resolution, promoting democracy and human rights, and fighting disease.

Carter — often viewed as America’s most successful former president — travelled extensively, supervising elections from Haiti to East Timor, and tackling thorny global problems as a mediator.

Former US President Jimmy Carter attends a Habitat for Humanity home building site in the Ivy City neighbourhood of Washington October 4, 2010. — Reuters pic

The Elders

Carter was also a member of The Elders, a group of former world leaders founded by Nelson Mandela in 2007 to promote peace and human rights.

Fellow Nobel peace laureates South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu (who died in 2021), former Liberian president Ellen Sirleaf Johnson and the late UN secretary general Kofi Annan also belonged to the group. — AFP