The identification of risk factors for the contagion and development of a serious illness after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great interest.
The study carried out a retrospective cohort analysis of all Danish people who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between February 27, 2020 and July 30, 2020 with a known ABO and RhD blood group in order to determine the influence of more common blood types on virus susceptibility to determine.
The distribution of blood groups was compared with data from untested people. Participants (29% of whom were male) included 473654 people who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (7422 positive and 466232 negative) and 2204742 untested people, representing 38% of the total Danish population.
Hospitalization and death due to Covid-19, age, cardiovascular comorbidities, and work status were also recorded for confirmed infected cases.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly since its occurrence in December 2019 and triggered a pandemic with 18093891 people infected worldwide (as of August 3, 2020).
In severe cases, individuals develop a range of symptoms, including acute respiratory disease collectively known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).
The development of Covid-19 is linked to age, gender, and comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, although serious illnesses are not limited to these risk groups.
Recent reports suggest that ABO blood types may play a role in the infection, with the prevalence of blood type O individuals in patients being lower than expected.
Blood group A and B glycosyltransferases also affect glycosylation in a large number of cell types, including epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and spilled virus particles.
A, B, and AB individuals are also at increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular disease, which is a major comorbidity in comorbid Covid-19 patients and may be mediated by the glycosylation of proteins involved in hemostasis are.
In order to obtain valid estimates of the relative risk (RR), the representativeness of the reference material is important. Although the incidence and susceptibility of blood types to SARS-CoV-2 can vary significantly between ethnic groups, Denmark is a relatively ethnically homogeneous society with free access to health services.
There was a slight but statistically significant difference in blood group distribution between the SARS-CoV-2 individuals and the reference population.
Considerably fewer individuals in group O were found among the SARS-CoV-2 individuals; conversely, more A, B and AB individuals were found.
When blood group O was excluded, no significant difference was found between A, B and AB.
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