The mobile wireless industry is preparing to roll out 5G across the US, amid the development of 6G mobile – but millions of people in the US don’t even have access to a home internet, according to a report published by Digitartlends.
This difference in access is called the “digital divide”, and the FCC is trying to bridge it, and part of its plan is to allow mobile carriers to use the broadcast spectrum in the 3.7-3.98 GHz band, commonly referred to as “Band C”, by License to use the C band, wireless companies can provide 5G service through relatively small base stations.
This should make it easier to bring 5G to rural areas, where providing fiber internet requires massive and expensive infrastructure for a relatively few customers.
Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile spent more than $80 billion in auctions for C-band licenses.
The FCC formally released the policy changes in March 2020, and the Report and Order (R&O) was the result of nearly three years of study, during which members of the public were invited to comment on the matter.
There was a wide range of interested parties, from NPR to the Mormon Church, but airline industry groups were among the most involved.
aviation industry
The aviation industry’s interests revolve around a piece of equipment called a radar altimeter (or radio altimeter). All types of aircraft use a radar altimeter to measure the altitude and distance between the aircraft and the ground. It works by sending a signal toward the ground, then setting the altitude based on the time it takes for the signal to reverse off the ground and return to the plane.
What is the problem?
Radar altimeters operate in the 4.2-4.4 GHz frequency band, and R&O will place 5G services, including devices that passengers routinely carry on board (such as cell phones and tablets).
Aviation industry groups the FCC warned last month that if C-band services interfered with radar altimeters, we could expect “significant disruptions to passenger air travel, commercial transportation, and helicopter services”.
Aviation industry groups are well aware of how sensitive radar altimeters are to interference. In a 2017 letter to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the Space Vehicle Systems Institute (AVSI) explained that previous plans to use the C-band for telecommunications were scrapped because previous studies found that Interference is unpredictable.
“The aviation industry’s objection is understandable,” Techsponential analyst Avi Greengart said in an email. “Since the government has already allocated C-band frequencies for 5G, if there are problems, especially with outdated or shoddy radar systems, it will impose costs industry to improve performance.
R&O set power and emission limits for 5G base stations to prevent interference. The 220MHz buffer between the 3.7-3.98GHz band and the 4.2-4.4GHz band used by radar altimeters is twice the buffer mentioned in the 2018 letter from Boeing.
Even with these precautions, R&O and AVSI agreed that further study was needed. Aviation and mobile industry groups were encouraged to set up a multi-stakeholder group to see how to collaborate on this.
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