Biomedical sensors usually perform at their best when they are in close proximity to the body. Wearables, such as Heart rate monitors, such as wrist-worn heart rate monitors, are common today, but they are very limited in that they can be placed on the body, have poor signal quality and are often uncomfortable to wear for long periods of time.
Now researchers at Pennsylvania State University, the Harbin Institute of Technology in China, and a few other Chinese institutions have developed a way to print electronic sensors and associated electronics directly onto the skin without consuming heat. This enables a range of vital signs and body signals to be easily portable, high quality, and recorded.
High temperature sintering is usually required to bond silver nanoparticles together into flexible electronic components. At 300 degrees Celsius, this cannot be safely done directly on the skin. To overcome this, this research team set out to find a sintered layer that would lower the temperature required to sinter the silver nanoparticles. They developed a sintered layer consisting of a frequently used polyvinyl alcohol paste and calcium carbonate, which allows the nanoparticles to bind at room temperature.
While this sintered layer allows the process to run at room temperature, it also makes the surface of the resulting material smoother and yet flexible for use on the body.
With this technology, the researchers have already created blood oxygen, EKG, temperature and moisture sensors directly on the skin. They also linked these sensors into a network that can broadcast readings in real time to a nearby monitor.
Once these types of electronics are printed on the skin they can be left on for a few days while various body parameters are measured. When it’s time to take them off, a hot shower will make them come off easily. The devices can actually be reused and recycled as they will not be damaged when removed.
Study in the journal Applied materials & interfaces: Portable circuits sintered directly on the surface of the skin at room temperature for health monitoring
Flashback: A body-worn gas sensor sticks to the skin
Via: Penn State
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