The Emirate of Umm Al Quwain includes many archaeological areas of historical importance, some of which date back to the sixth millennium BC, based on the numerous discoveries from the excavations that began in 1972 in the emirate, and revealed the existence of many archaeological sites that prove the existence of a cultural civilization. A heritage in Umm al-Quwain, and it showed that human settlement in the region was at the beginning of the Neolithic period, that is, about 7,500 years ago.
The Department of Tourism and Antiquities in Umm Al Quwain was keen to highlight the archaeological sites and buildings in its recently issued tourist guide entitled “Discover Umm Al Quwain”, which explains the most important tourist attractions in the emirate and the cultural and entertainment areas designated for its visitors. The guide classified the archaeological monuments into two categories: “archaeological sites and archaeological buildings.” The presentation of the archaeological sites in the emirate presented an overview of the most important characteristics of each site.
Meera Al Mehrezi, Director of Tourism Department at the Department of Tourism and Antiquities in Umm Al Quwain, explained that the department’s launch of the “Discover Umm Al Quwain” guide comes as a complement and support for the government’s rational efforts to encourage the tourism sector in the emirate in line with the UAE vision 2021, to establish the UAE as a major destination for tourism. In the world, and in support of Umm Al Quwain 2021 vision, in developing the tourism sector, as it is considered an important sector in support of the Umm Al Quwain economy.
Among the most important sites presented by the Department’s tourist guide, within the classification of archaeological sites, the site of Al-Dur, which is located on the southeast coast of the Arabian Gulf, near the road linking the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah on the one hand, and the Emirates of Sharjah and Dubai on the other hand, and its area is more than About four kilometers, and it was settled in prehistoric times, “Umm Al-Nar and the Iron Age”. However, the main settlement period was in the last decades of the first century BC and the first century AD, and the population worked in international trade, and Al-Dur was a commercial city and a passage for merchant ships.
The tour guide indicated that the Temple of the Sun God was discovered in 1987 with the site of Al-Dur.
The guide also presented the archaeological site of Tell Al-Abraq, which is located between the Emirates of Sharjah and Umm Al-Quwain, and dates back to the third millennium BC, as the discoveries showed the site’s connection with the civilization of Umm Al-Nar in Abu Dhabi, and one of the most important discoveries / Tell Al-Abraq / the discovery of a circular building of a large castle In the form of terraces built of sea stones and circular tombs dating back to the Umm al-Nar period, in addition to a group of bronze, pottery and important archaeological finds.
As for / Al-Shabika / archaeological site, the evidence showed its archaeological importance from the discoveries that proved the settlement of shepherds and hunters in the area 7500 years ago. According to the evidence, a mass grave dating back to the fifth millennium BC was discovered, and the site that is located on the road linking between The Emirate of Umm Al Quwain is in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, on the second oldest pearl in history dating back to 5500 years BC, according to dating carbon 14, and therefore it is the second oldest ancient pearl in the Arabian Peninsula and the world.
Among the effects highlighted by the tour guide in Umm Al Quwain is the discovery of the second oldest pearl in history, at the Umm Al Quwain 2 site, and it was found on the tenth level during the excavation process in the settlement area, and through the radiocarbon analysis this pearl was dated to the year 5500 BC That is, 7,500 years from the present day, and thus it is the second oldest pearl found during archaeological excavations.
The evidence pointed out that the discovery of pearls in the Gulf region indicates the position that pearls are distinguished for in that period of time, although it had an important place in religious rituals during the sixth and fifth millennium BC, along with the trade process, where pearls were placed on the face of the dead and the signifier On this, the first pearls were found, during excavations at the al-Shabika site above the deceased’s skull.
For her part, Rania Qannuma, Head of the Department of Archeology at the Department, indicated that the scientific research and archaeological excavation work proved that the Emirate of Umm al-Quwain is one of the oldest and most ancient cities not only in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula but in the entire world, where archaeological discoveries were found confirming human settlement in The emirate has been since seven thousand five hundred years until the present day, passing through many historical and civilizational periods. Thus, the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain is a reliable reference and record for studying cultural heritage in all its fields, and understanding a lot about the practices, traditions and beliefs of peoples in the past.
According to the classification of the Department of Tourism and Antiquities in Umm Al Quwain in its tourist guide, Bakhoot Tower is considered one of the archaeological buildings in the emirate, where the tower was built during the reign of Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla I in the year / 1800 /, and is located in the port of Umm Al Quwain now, where it was used in the past For guarding and a lighthouse for ships, and it was built from sea stones that were available at that time in Umm Al Quwain Creek.
Among the beautiful archaeological monuments in Umm Al Quwain / Umm Al Quwain Wall /, which was built during the reign of Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid I in 1820, and consists of three towers, the first of which is the Al Khor Tower, which is located on Khor Al Bayda, the second is the Infallible Tower, which is located in the middle of the wall, and finally Burj Al Bahar, which is located directly on the Arabian Gulf, and the department has restored the wall and the three towers, as well as the creation of a small garden in the vicinity of the fence, which opens its doors daily to visitors.
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