“Despite the efforts made by the global scientific community over nearly four decades, it has not yet been possible to find an effective vaccine to prevent HIV,” said immunologist and US President Joe Biden’s chief health adviser, Anthony Fauci, who co-authored the study.
“This experimental mRNA vaccine combines a number of advantages that can overcome the failures of other experimental HIV vaccines, and therefore represents a promising approach,” added the director of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Scientists from this institute conducted this study in cooperation with researchers from the American company “Moderna”, which produces one of the most widely used vaccines against Covid-19.
The study was published Thursday in the prestigious “Nature” journal.
The vaccine was first tested in mice and then in rhesus macaques. These animals received multiple booster doses over one year and were well tolerated despite the high doses of messenger RNA, with only mild side effects, such as temporary loss of appetite, reported. By the 58th week, all macaques showed detectable levels of the antibody.
From the 60th week the animals were exposed to the virus every week via the rectal mucosa. Because primates are not susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, the researchers used a different but similar virus, the monkey immunodeficiency virus.
After 13 weeks, only two of the seven vaccinated macaques remained uninfected. But while other unvaccinated macaques fell ill after about three weeks, it took an average of eight weeks for those that did get vaccinated.
“This level of risk reduction can have a significant impact on transmission of the virus,” the study explained.
The vaccine works by delivering genetic instructions into the body, which causes two types of virus-specific proteins to form, which are then combined to form viral pseudoviral particles to mimic infection in order to elicit a response from the immune system.
However, the scientists noted that the levels of antibodies generated were relatively low, and therefore it would be difficult to apply the vaccine to humans, as it requires several injections. They will therefore seek to improve the quality and quantity of the generated pseudoviral particles before testing the vaccine in humans.
KS/FY (AFP)
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus, which destroys certain cells of the immune system. Without treatment, pathogens such as bacteria, fungi or viruses can attack the body. He suffers from various diseases such as acute pneumonia. Here, a person becomes ill with AIDS. The patient does not die from HIV infection, but from one of these diseases that the body can no longer resist.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
When was the first infection diagnosed?
Despite much speculation and theories about the history of the disease, some of which are certainly not without conspiracy theories, the first cases of AIDS were diagnosed on June 5, 1981 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discovered a number of cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five gay men in Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
Is the disease still fatal?
In the 1980s, there were no drugs to treat HIV infection, in practice it meant AIDS, and a diagnosis of “HIV” was equivalent to a “death sentence”. At that time, there was fear of a real epidemic. In the mid-nineties, the first drugs appeared on the market, and they were able to at least slow the progression of the disease, despite their dangerous side effects.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
How big is the risk of infection?
Viruses are responsible for many infectious diseases in humans. Some viruses, such as influenza viruses, can be transmitted relatively quickly, and sometimes exposure to the cough of others on the bus, for example, is sufficient to transmit infection. But HIV transmission is more difficult, as it is not transmitted by kissing, coughing, or using the same toilet with an infected person.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
How does infection get?
The risk of contracting the virus only increases when body fluids containing a large amount of viruses enter the body of another person. This almost happens in three cases: having sex, injections contaminated with the blood of infected people when using drugs, for example, and during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding from a mother who is infected with the virus.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
Can it be cured?
HIV is still incurable, but it is treatable. There are effective medicines that limit the activity of this virus in the body and thus prevent the emergence of AIDS. These drugs also have fewer side effects than their predecessors, so people with HIV today can live a normal life with a life expectancy. However, it is important to detect infection and treat with medication in time.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
How does injury lead to death?
Herein lies the problem, there are still many infected people in the world who do not receive any medicine. Without treatment, HIV eventually leads to death. There are still many unrecognized infections, whether it’s because a person hasn’t seen a doctor, or because symptoms aren’t properly interpreted, or because a doctor isn’t there.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
The need for more awareness
… On the other hand, the governments and systems of some countries in the world are still reducing the problem of HIV and AIDS infection or covering it with complete silence for political, ideological, religious or moral reasons, to deprive infected people of the opportunity to obtain treatment.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
How many people infected with the virus around the world?
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS revealed that the Corona pandemic could lead to an increase in the number of people infected with 293,000 new HIV infections and up to 184,000 deaths among AIDS patients. According to UN statistics last year, there were about 700,000 deaths due to AIDS in 2019 and about 1.7 million new HIV infections.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
90-90-90
This year was to be a milestone in the fight against AIDS by achieving the goals of the “90-90-90” strategy, that is, 90 percent of people living with the virus, 90 percent of those infected receive treatment, and a decrease in the viral load of 90 percent of those receiving treatment, but International efforts were late in achieving these goals, then the Corona pandemic came to threaten many gains in the fight against AIDS.
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Scary facts and figures about AIDS and HIV
Calls for better detection strategies
The European Union’s disease control agency and the World Health Organization recently announced that Eastern Europe is seeing a rise in undiagnosed HIV cases, amid calls for better detection strategies for the virus that causes AIDS. The region covered by the European Office includes 53 countries, including Russia and several countries in Central Asia, where an alarming rise was also recorded.
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